1THE BURDEN or oracle (the thing to be lifted up) of the word of the Lord concerning Israel:
On when Zechariah lived:
His prophetical career began in the second year of Darius, king of Persia (B.C. 520), about sixteen years after the return of the first company from their Babylonian exile. He was contemporary with Haggai (Ezra 5:1). (Wikipedia)
Back to Zechariah 12:
2Behold, I am about to make Jerusalem a cup or bowl of reeling to all the peoples round about, and in the siege against Jerusalem will there also be a siege against and upon Judah.
3And in that day I will make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all peoples; all who lift it or burden themselves with it shall be sorely wounded. And all the nations of the earth shall come and gather together against it.
“I am about to” – would seem to provide a short timeline, no???
Since this is the time period in which the Persians ordered those nations under its control to allow the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the walls and the Temple, it would be fulfilled at that time.
It would also be fulfilled over and over in the history of Israel. It has been a battle ground for many contending empires…
4In that day, says the Lord, I will smite every horse [of the armies that contend against Jerusalem] with terror and panic and his rider with madness;
Despite God using the nations around Israel to oppress them, due to their lack of faith in and acknowledgment of Him, Israel is still God’s people — and will ultimately be redeemed.
Islam teaches the Mahdi will lead armies to defeat Israel and found an empire in Jerusalem at the Dome of the Rock:
In their book, Al Mahdi and the End of Time, Muhammad ibn Izzat and Muhammad Arif, two well-known Egyptian authors, identify the Mahdi in the Book of Revelation, quoting the hadith narrator Ka’ab al-Ahbar.
In one place, they write,
“I find the Mahdi recorded in the books of the Prophets… For instance, the Book of Revelation says: “And I saw and behold a white horse. He that sat on him […] went forth conquering and to conquer.”
Ibn Izzat and Arif then go on to say:
“It is clear that this man is the Mahdi who will ride the white horse and judge by the Qur’an (with justice) and with whom will be men with marks of prostration (zabiba) on their foreheads.”[44]
Back to Zechariah
6In that day will I make the chiefs of Judah like a big, blazing pot among [sticks of] wood and like a flaming torch among sheaves [of grain], and they shall devour all the peoples round about, on the right hand and on the left; and they of Jerusalem shall yet again dwell and sit securely in their own place, in Jerusalem.
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